Disruption and Public Policy Education Across Asia: The Fourth Industrial Revolution, the Climate Crisis, and Covid-19

The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is transforming the skills and competencies needed to lead a successful working life. The climate crisis is threatening ways of life, and the Covid-19 pandemic has tested our social-economic systems. The work and training of public policy professionals is also changing as a result. How graduate and undergraduate learning is designed and delivered should adapt with pedagogies and content relevant to our changing world. This chapter details how public policy is transforming given the 4IR and the educational changes that can be implemented to deliver relevant, impactful public policy learning in Asia. Practitioners working in higher education across Asia can consider case study and simulation learning authentic to real-world scenarios and experiential learning to form professionals ready for the automated world's demands. The chapter provides practical advice for pedagogy and content shifts. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.

The Global Coordination Problem: Collective Action among Unequal States

»Das globale Koordinationsproblem: Kollektives Handeln zwischen ungleichen Staaten«. The most pressing problems facing mankind today re-quire for their solution some form of worldwide collective action at the level of states. In order to combat the global threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, wealthy countries must cooperate to provide vaccines for people in low-in-come countries, if only to prevent these populations from becoming breeding grounds for new strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that will also endanger the richer nations. Another, even more pertinent case is the campaign against global warming, which requires concerted action by committed state regimes to curtail the worldwide emission of greenhouse gases. Such figurations give rise to the classic dilemmas of collective action. Throughout human history, with ups and downs, the scale of collective action has extended. This is a cor-ollary of the gradual increase in the scale of governance, from villages to small kingdoms to nation states. National economies, too, have expanded with the increasing control and consumption of fossil energy, as Johan Goudsblom has demonstrated. By the end of the 19th century, nation states were the larg-est units of effective coordination, each one comprising between one and a hundred million citizens. In the course of the 20th century, a few entities have evolved to the next higher order of magnitude with hundreds of millions, or more than a billion citizens and with a gross national product exceeding in most cases 10 trillion US dollars: these "gigants” are China, the USA, India, and the EU. They are at present the initiators and managers of global collective action. The recent COVID-19 pandemic created an urgent coordination problem. The enduring climate crisis evokes very similar dilemmas of collective action. The Russian invasion of Ukraine quite suddenly compelled the USA and the EU to join in antagonistic collaboration and overcome chal-lenges that were much the same. State actors resort to a limited set of strat-egies and practices in order to overcome the pitfalls of collective action and the gigants have a leading role in coordinating them. © 2023, GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

The impact of crises on changes in the determinants of business operation and development

Initially, it was assumed that the impacts of different types of crises are very diverse, and they be-come apparent both in the behaviour of individual elements of geographic space (natural, social, economic, and cultural) and different scales of spatial systems (from the global and continental scale to the scale of country groups and individual states to regional and local systems). Against this background, the present paper out-lines and analyses the origins and intensification of the contemporary climate, pandemic, and military crises. The crises have different origins, appearing under the influence of evolutionary processes of natural changes (climate crisis), as a result of violent events occurring under the influence of violent natural phenomena (tectonic movements), and conscious or unconscious human activity. Analysing the crises at different scales of spatial systems suggests they do not function independently but instead mutually overlap in terms of both their causes and effects. In the final section of the paper, an attempt is made to model the interrelationship of crisis phenomena and identify them through an example of population migration processes taking place under their influence.

Education, equality and international development

This chapter explores the relationship between education and development and how this has been considered in research and policy. The chapter discusses key issues regarding how this relationship has been understood, conceptualized and monitored. It pays particular attention to debates around gender equality and girls' education and how these have been positioned in relation to a wider development agenda within global policy frameworks, including the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals, and in the work of international development organizations. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Young people and post-pandemic futures: scenario planning as a radical politics of hope

Purpose: In this paper we report on the outcomes of a scenario planning project in Melbourne's (Australia) inner northern suburbs, which was undertaken in the context of an extended lockdown during Melbourne's second wave of COVID-19 infections. In this project, the researchers sought to identify the ways in which young people and youth service providers understood the challenges that the pandemic was creating for young people and the provision of youth services, and through the 5 years up to 2025. Design/methodology/approach: The project was shaped by a scenario planning methodology that produced three research informed scenarios of possible futures for young people in Melbourne's inner north in 2025. The project conducted a series of structured video interviews with young people, and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders that asked participants to reflect on the context of the pandemic, and what the future might hold in relation to young people's pathways and health and well-being, and the futures of their communities and the planet. Findings: The scenario planning methodology revealed many concerns, uncertainties and anxieties that were shared, but which also varied between young people and stakeholders – both about the immediacy of the pandemic, and its aftermaths and intersection with future crises. Originality/value: The scenario planning approach offers sociologies of education and youth a means to do the future-oriented, "hopeful” work that multiple crises for young people demand. Scenario planning is an "affirmative” exercise in hope by which sociologies can "stay with the trouble” that we find ourselves in, and that the pandemic has amplified. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Climate change and the challenge to liberalism

In this editorial, we consider the ways in which liberal constitutionalism is challenged by and presents challenges to the climate crisis facing the world. Over recent decades, efforts to mitigate the climate crisis have generated a new set of norms for states and non-state actors, including regulatory norms (emission standards, carbon regulations), organising principles (common but differentiated responsibility) and fundamental norms (climate justice, intergenerational rights, human rights). However, like all norms, these remain contested. Particularly in light of their global reach, their specific behavioural implications and interpretations and the related obligations to act remain debatable and the overwhelming institutionalization of the neoliberal market economy makes clear and effective responses to climate change virtually impossible within liberal societies.

Navigating urban tourism planning in a late-pandemic world: The Copenhagen case

This work explores the ways in which COVID-19 has affected the discourse on public tourism planning in Copenhagen and how policies meet the challenges of the climate crisis. Inspired by the concept of ‘governmobility', we explore changes in discourse on how urban tourism policies aim to ease and control access, mobility, and circulation. The implementation of the DMO Wonderful Copenhagen's ‘localhood' strategy has tried to cope with issues of over-tourism by engaging locals who also have access to the attractions and experiences offered to tourists. Meanwhile, the planned growth in international tourism, despite the COVID-19 lockdowns, has not been dismantled but rather reaffirmed. This includes plans for major extensions of Copenhagen Airport. Development corporations in tourism and urban development thus try to reconcile sustainable development with economic growth, which is apparent in the 2022 ‘Comeback Copenhagen' and ‘Planet Copenhagen' strategies. Copenhagen aims to become the most sustainable tourist destination, without taking into consideration that the main greenhouse gas emissions come from the ways tourists travel to and from the destination. © 2023 The Authors

Literacy and international development

Literacy is a complex and dynamic phenomenon that varies across history, language, and geography. The present review considers the roles of literacy in an international development perspective. First, an overview is provided of the history and definitions of literacy, considering its evolution from a dichotomous concept (literate/illiterate) to a continuum of writing, reading, and numeracy across the life span. Second, key contemporary aspects of literacy are described, including the effects of language of instruction policies, technology, and emergent crises on literacy acquisition in low-and-middle income countries. In conclusion, considerations and recommendations for literacy promotion are linked to broader issues in educational planning and international development. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Intervention: Enhancing mental health and well-being around the world

This chapter discusses key conceptual and practical issues related to psychological interventions in a global context. The foundations section reviews the need for mental health services globally, highlighting the potential for psychologists to apply their knowledge and skills around the world and the competencies needed for such work. It highlights the need for psychologists and psychological interventions worldwide. The chapter considers ethical issues, cultural competencies, and the World Health Organization's core competencies in global mental health. In the Applications section, the chapter highlights diverse pathways to care and clinical service settings, such as health care settings, schools, families, and communities. It discusses levels of intervention (i.e., treatment, prevention, strengths-based) and points out emergent areas of global concern in need of psychological interventions, such as the climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Along the way, the chapter showcases eight diverse examples of intervention work in international psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Plant power: SEEDing our future with plant-based eating

The climate crisis, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement, are contributing to a shift in what people eat. For environmental sustainability, ethical, social justice, and health reasons, people are embracing plant-based diets, which involve consuming mostly fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans and little or no meat and dairy products. Drawing on insights from consumer psychology, this review synthesizes academic research at the intersection of food and consumer values to propose a framework for understanding how and why these values—Sustainability, Ethics, Equity, and Dining for health—are transforming what people eat. We term our model the SEED framework. We build this framework around a report assembled by the Rockefeller Foundation (2021) that describes how to grow a value-based societal food system. Finally, we highlight insights from consumer psychology that promote an understanding of how consumer values are shifting people's diets and raise research questions to encourage more consumer psychologists to investigate how and why values influence what consumers eat, which in turn impacts the well-being of people, our environment, and society. © 2022 Society for Consumer Psychology.

Education as economic stimulus in the human capital century

PurposeThis paper explores the economic and social effects of human capital investment in the 20th century. As well as drawing on census data and statistical yearbooks in Australia and Aoteoroa/New Zealand, the paper develops its argument by an intersection of scholarly work in sociology, economics and the history of education to consider the effects of increased human capital investment on economic growth but also on the experiences of childhood, work discipline and the present climate crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis paper considers the implications of what economic historian Claudia Goldin has described as the "human capital century" for the history of school and university education. By reconsidering education in the settler colonies, especially Australia and Aoteoroa/New Zealand, as "stimulus", this helps explain key aspects of contemporary human capital investment, which the paper argues should be understood as constituted by children's and young people's free labour at school, university and across the economy.FindingsThis research argues that children's and young people's free labour, performed in educational institutions, constitutes a large portion of Australia and Aoteoroa/New Zealand's national investment in human capital. At key points, this investment has acted as an economic stimulus, promoting surges of profitability. The effects were not confined to young people. Systematised, educational expansion also became the foundation of environmental degradation, labour market exploitation and a relentless increase in service-sector productivity that is worn on professional bodies. Productivity increases have been associated with reduced professional autonomy as a managerial class coerced professionals into working harder, though often under the guise of working "smarter" - a fiction that encouraged or coerced even greater personal investment in collective human capital. This investment of personal time, effort and selfhood by children and the professionals they grew into can thus be seen, in Marxian terms, as a crucial vector of capitalist exploitation in the 20th century.Practical implicationsThe paper concludes by suggesting that a reduction of managerial influence in educational settings would improve learner and professional autonomy with improved labour and environmental conditions.Originality/valueThe paper makes a unique contribution to the history of education by exploring education as stimulus as a key component of education's role in 20th and 21st century capitalism. It interrogates exploitative aspects of human capital investment, especially in the midst of environmental catastrophe and the recent COVID crisis.

Museums, the rural environment and the climate crisis: A discussion based on the Santiago Round Table

This article discusses how the ambivalences between the order of development and a new epistemic order, in the proposals of the Santiago Round Table in 1972, are manifested in the discussion on the relationship between the museum and the rural environment. Alongside the historical questions that the new museum was then opening itself up to, current phenomena such as the climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic brought with them the need to broaden the topics covered by "rurality” to include forest, nature, and environmental issues, as well as the traditional wisdom of peasants, indigenous peoples, quilombola communities, etc. To unfold these ambivalences, the article is divided into four sections: (1) the first analyses how agrarian reform and the "green revolution” are combined in the proposals of the commentator in charge of discussing the relationship between museum and agriculture at the Santiago Round Table;(2) the second presents a small set of alternatives to traditional or industrial agriculture, complementary to each other;(3) the third deals with the differences between the development perspective and the proposal for a new epistemic order, from a discussion about the meanings of tradition and community for post-developmentalism;(4) the fourth particularises the previous one in a debate on education, which contrasts the idea of mutual nurturance with that of conscientization. Finally, it returns to the recommendations made by the Round Table to discuss their current relevance. © 2022, Universidade de Sao Paulo. Museu de Zoologia. All rights reserved.

Beyond School. The challenge of co-producing and commoning a different episteme for education

This paper develops previous work in which we deployed a form of Foucauldian critique to clear a space in which it might be possible to think education differently. Here, in that space, we are hoping to 'get lost' in some unexplored spaces of possibility. We sketch some starting points, some 'lines of flight' for such thinking. To do this, we identify a concatenation of three crises and discuss briefly their inter-relationship. But the paper focuses primarily on education. The first of these crises, COVID, offers a moment, a space, in which we might think of ourselves, others, and the world differently. The second, climate, brings to bear a pressing urgency for change in the way that we think of our relation to the world in practical, political and epistemological ways. The third, education in relation to crises, is an opening within which some thinking might be undertaken about what it means to be educated, and in which the relation between education, community and sustainability, in a variety of senses, might be pursued. In the final sections, using concepts from Foucault, Olssen, Lewis and others, we seek to find inspiration from and an accommodation between Foucault's self-formation and commoning - a practice of collaborating and sharing to meet every day needs and achieve the well-being of individuals, communities, and environments - as a new way to think education beyond modern episteme.

Plant power

The climate crisis, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement, are contributing to a shift in what people eat. For environmental sustainability, ethical, social justice, and health reasons, people are embracing plant-based diets, which involve consuming mostly fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans and little or no meat and dairy products. Drawing on insights from consumer psychology, this review synthesizes academic research at the intersection of food and consumer values to propose a framework for understanding how and why these values-Sustainability, Ethics, Equity, and Dining for health-are transforming what people eat. We term our model the SEED framework. We build this framework around a report assembled by the Rockefeller Foundation (2021) that describes how to grow a value-based societal food system. Finally, we highlight insights from consumer psychology that promote an understanding of how consumer values are shifting people's diets and raise research questions to encourage more consumer psychologists to investigate how and why values influence what consumers eat, which in turn impacts the well-being of people, our environment, and society.

Plant power: Seeding our future with plant-based eating

The climate crisis, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement, are contributing to a shift in what people eat. For environmental sustainability, ethical, social justice, and health reasons, people are embracing plant-based diets, which involve consuming mostly fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans and little or no meat and dairy products. Drawing on insights from consumer psychology, this review synthesizes academic research at the intersection of food and consumer values to propose a framework for understanding how and why these values-Sustainability, Ethics, Equity, and Dining for health-are transforming what people eat. We term our model the SEED framework. We build this framework around a report assembled by the Rockefeller Foundation (2021) that describes how to grow a value-based societal food system. Finally, we highlight insights from consumer psychology that promote an understanding of how consumer values are shifting people's diets and raise research questions to encourage more consumer psychologists to investigate how and why values influence what consumers eat, which in turn impacts the well-being of people, our environment, and society. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

COVID-19 and the ecological crisis: What do they have in common?

This lecture transcript is divided in four parts. First, I examine the main public-health strategies in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there are numerous factors capable of explaining national differences in COVID-19 mortality that are not attributable to merits or demerits of governments, I have identified five lethal errors (lack of preparation, misinformation, medicalisation, a policy approach based on a 'laissez-faire' attitude to the virus and social inequity) and four vital actions (testing, tracing, isolating with support, timeliness and immunisation) that best distinguish success or failure in tackling the pandemic. In the second part, I analyse the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and major risk factors for emerging zoonotic diseases (e.g. exploitation of animal wildlife, deforestation, agricultural intensification and climate change) to be addressed to prevent future pandemics. Then, I discuss the interrelationships between the COVID-19 pandemic and the ecological crisis in the context of the so-called neoliberal variant of capitalism. Both crises are largely determined by anthropogenic risk factors influenced by a model of economic development that prioritises infinite economic growth, free trade and a global self-regulating market over any other values of society (including human survival). An alternative economic approach, capable of creating a new balance between the health of humans, animals, and the environment (by modifying their structural drivers), is the most important antidote against new spillovers and climate change. It is the humanitarian immune response we need to protect global health from future pandemics and ecological collapse.

Techno Futurist, Sustained Inequalities and Eco-utopia: speculative imaginaries of Business Education in 2050

The legitimacy of business education and its impact on society have been debated in the context of the economic and climate crises, with curricula, learning spaces and pedagogy being the main targets of criticism. Somehow, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased that pressure and added social inequalities to the debate. Thus, this paper proposes an exercise of imagining what management education and society will be like in 2050. Using speculative imagination, we narrate three imaginaries - Techno Futurist, Sustained Inequalities and Eco-utopia - built upon the perspective of the students of a sustainability programme at an elite Brazilian business school. Throughout the construction of the imaginaries' narratives, we found dilemmas and contradictions that alert us that there is no clear path to an emancipatory future and that, unfortunately, the tendency is to reproduce neoliberal ideology and managerialism. Furthermore, the lack of diversity of teachers and students, a direct consequence of business schools’ admission and funding, can hinder new imaginaries. We conclude by inviting business schools to include imagination as a critical exercise for students, so that they can organise outside of “business as usual”, open up alternative futures, and cope with the uncertainties that surround us.

Introduction: Ecology, Music and Community—Exploring Performance in South Asia

This essay offers an introduction to a special section on ecology and performance in South Asia. Aiming at ‘green’ studies of music and performance, this collection explores intersections between ethnography, history, eco- and ethnomusicology, and film and performance studies by paying particular attention to the ecological turn more broadly visible in South Asian studies. The papers address varied ecological settings of South Asian music and performance, from riverscapes to coastal communities, and from the locations of instrument-makers to negotiations of the climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The novelty of the section lies not just in mapping the dialogism between ecology and music through reflections on liminality, gender, resistance and identity, but also in bringing forth new archival strategies (digitisation and digital cultures) in conversation with ethnographic findings. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Lacan and the environment

In this exciting new collection, leading and emerging Lacanian scholars seek to understand what psychoanalysis brings to debates about the environment and the climate crisis. They argue that we cannot understand climate change and all of its multifarious ramifications without first understanding how our terrifying proximity to the real undergirds our relation to the environment, how we mistake lack for loss and mourning for melancholy, and how we seek to destroy the same world we seek to protect. The book traces Lacan's contribution through a consideration of topics including doomsday preppers, forest suicides, Indigenous resistance, post-apocalyptic films, the mathematics of climate science, and the relevance of Kant. They ask: What can you do if your neighbour is a climate change denier? What would Bartleby do? Does the animal desire? Who is cleaning up all the garbage on the internet? Why is the sudden greening of the planet under COVID-19 no help whatsoever? (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The futures of industrial relations in times of plague(2)

In this paper, I offer a reading of the European context in the third decade of the twenty-first century. I discuss, first, how far ' varieties of capitalism ' persist, and the implications of changes in industrial relations regimes for trade unions. Second, I consider some of the ambiguities of EU regulation. Is ' Social Europe ' (still) a bulwark against market liberalisation? Third, I draw on Polanyi to examine the rise of precarious work situations, including the emergence of the ' platform economy '. Fourth, I comment on the impact of Covid-19 and the climate crisis, before some brief final remarks about trade union responses.